What is "excessive force" in law enforcement?

Excessive force in law enforcement refers to the application of force that surpasses what is considered reasonable and necessary in a given situation. This standard is determined by assessing the totality of circumstances, including the nature of the crime, the threat posed by the suspect, and the level of resistance encountered. When law enforcement officers use force that is deemed disproportionate to the threat or resistance, it can lead to serious legal and ethical implications.

The other options describe legitimate uses or practices of law enforcement. Standard procedures in handcuffing are guidelines meant to ensure safety and compliance without being excessive. Self-defense involves using reasonable force to protect oneself from imminent harm, while applying force to ensure compliance with lawful orders should also be proportionate to the situation at hand. Each of these is justifiable within the framework of law enforcement practices when applied appropriately.