What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit?

The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution is primarily focused on protecting individuals from certain forms of harsh treatment within the criminal justice system. It specifically prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. This means that the government cannot impose punitive measures that are considered disproportionate or inhumane. This protection serves to maintain a level of dignity and humane treatment for individuals, even those who have been accused or convicted of crimes.

While the other options represent important rights and protections within the Constitution, they fall under different amendments. The prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures is outlined in the Fourth Amendment, the right to bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment, and the right to a fair trial is covered by the Sixth Amendment. Each of these amendments serves distinct purposes within the framework of American law, highlighting the comprehensive approach the Constitution takes to safeguard individual liberties.